![]() Thereafter, we discuss key findings within current wind energy mitigation research, needing improved understanding into the efficacy of wildlife mitigation as well as research into the cost aspects of mitigation implementation. We state measures and highlight their objective and discuss at which project stage it is most effective (e.g. We review the current state of published knowledge, both land-based and offshore, with a focus on wind energy–wildlife mitigation measures. This is a first broad step into discussing and understanding mitigation strategies collectively, identifying the current state of knowledge and be a beneficial resource for practitioners and conservationists. no mowing before Mid of July) and to keepthe rural areas around the turbines as unattractive as possible.ĭuring this rapid development of wind energy aiming to combat climate change worldwide, there is greater need to avoid, reduce, and compensate for impacts on wildlife: Through the effective use of mitigation, wind energy can continue to expand while reducing impacts. In order to minimize collision risks for Red Kites it is useful to keep the surrounding of the nest sites clear of wind turbines up to a distance of at least 1.000 m, to restrict the agricultural management activities inside of wind farms (e.g. Often specific food resources like settlements, compostings, boundary structures or cutted fodder plant fields are used. Home ranges may be very small or quite large and do not only depend on habitat quality because breeding partners may show different strategies too. Otherwise the used area is highly individualized. Red Kites also fly often in the height where the rotor rotates. Red Kites do not avoid wind farm areas and if there are attractive hunting habitats the Kites use these and come close to the turbines. Key factor for the choice of the hunting habitats is the agricultural management. To receive individual data on homeranges, flight distances and daily activity radio transmitter and GPS transmitter were attached to Kites breeding next to wind turbines. The main activities were standardized observations of flight behaviour and habitat use within and outside of wind farms. Data collection for Red Kites took place at 5 study sites in Saxony-Anhalt, the federal state with the largest population. ![]() For the Red Kite the main aims of the project were to understand when, where and why these birds are at risk of collision with wind turbines and to develop measures to minimize collision frequencies. It was financed by the German Ministry of the Environment,Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety and coordinated by the Michael-Otto-Institute within NABU. ![]() 2007-2010 the research project "Birds of Prey and Wind Farms: Analysis of Problems and Possible Solutions" took place. Germany has also ambitious plans to increase the proportion of energy production generated from wind power, but Red Kites are the second most commonly found species as collision victim at wind turbines on a national level. More than half of the world population of the Red Kite (Milvus milvus) breeds within Germany resulting to a high national responsibility for the species.
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